Aula 1: Back-end com Ruby On Rails - SpotCode

Aula 1: Back-end com Ruby On Rails – SpotCode | OneBitCode

• Planejamento – 00:02:39
• Criando o Projeto – 00:08:51
• Configurando o Devise – 00:15:25
• Gerando os Models – 00:20:41
• Preparando os Seeds – 00:32:16
• Criando o Endpoint de Discovery – 00:40:49
• Criando os Endpoints de Buscas – 01:01:40
• Criando os Endpoints de Categorias – 01:12:14
• Criando os Endpoints de Álbuns – 01:20:30
• Criando os Endpoints de Favoritos – 01:31:57

Preparando seu ambiente

Para conseguir executar com perfeição cada passo dado nesta série você precisa de alguns softwares instalados na sua máquina, eu recomendo que você siga este tutorial completo do GoRails para realizar a instalação deles: https://gorails.com/setup

Escolha seu sistema operacional
Instale as seguintes dependências apresentadas lá:
- Ruby
- Ruby On Rails
- Git
- NodeJs
- Yarn

Obs: Não é necessário instalar o PostgreSQL nem o MySQL
Obs2: Caso você tenha algum problema por não possuir o SQLite3 basta instalar seguindo: https://www.servermania.com/kb/articles/install-sqlite

Criando o Projeto

1. Instale a versão 6 do Rails

gem install rails -v '6.0.2.1'

1	gem install rails -v '6.0.2.1'

2. Crie o app

rails _6.0.2.1_ new spotcode

1	rails _6.0.2.1_ new spotcode

3. Crie o controller Home

rails g controller home index

1	rails g controller home index

4. Deixe o arquivo de rotas (_config/routes.rb_) com o seguinte conteúdo

Rails.application.routes.draw do
 root to: "home#index"
end

Rails.application.routes.draw do

root to: "home#index"

end

Estamos criando uma rota raiz para a action index do controller Home

5. Agora vamos iniciar o servidor

rails s

rails s

6. E ir ao browser testar nossa rota raiz

Abrir o Browser e testar a URL localhost:3000

Configurando o Devise

1. Adicione no Gemfile

gem 'devise'

1	gem 'devise'

2. Instale as gems com o comando

bundle install

1	bundle install

3. Vamos agora gerar os arquivos de configuração do Devise

rails g devise:install

1	rails g devise:install

4. Vamos gerar o model que terá a autenticação rodando

rails generate devise User

1	rails generate devise User

5. Execute as migrations

rails db:migrate

1	rails db:migrate

6. Adicione o Hook do Devise em HomeController

class HomeController < ApplicationController
  before_action :authenticate_user!
  
  ...
end

class HomeController < ApplicationController

before_action :authenticate_user!

...

end

7. Vamos iniciar o servidor e testar com o Postman

rails s

rails s

Tentar acessar a página Home, que deve retornar erro
Cadastrar um usuário com a rota de SignUp

Gerando os Models

1. Execute o seguinte comando para instalar o Active Storage

rails active_storage:install

1	rails active_storage:install

Falar sobre os services que são configurados no config/storage.yml e como ele são escolhidos nas configurações de ambiente (config/enviroments)

2. Execute os seguintes comandos para gerar os outros models

rails g model artist name
rails g model category name
rails g model album title date:datetime category:references artist:references
rails g model song title played_count:integer album:references
rails g model recently_heard user:references album:references
rails g model favorite user:references favoritable:references{polymorphic}

rails g model artist name

rails g model category name

rails g model album title date:datetime category:references artist:references

rails g model song title played_count:integer album:references

rails g model recently_heard user:references album:references

rails g model favorite user:references favoritable:references{polymorphic}

3. Na migration de songs (_db/migrate/\_create_songs.rb), faça o seguinte:

Substitua a linha:

t.integer :played_count

1	t.integer :played_count

Por:

t.integer :played_count, default: 0

1	t.integer :played_count, default: 0

4. Rode as migration com o comando

rails db:migrate

1	rails db:migrate

5. O model Album (_app/models/album.rb_) deve ficar com o seguinte conteúdo

class Album < ApplicationRecord
  belongs_to :category
  belongs_to :artist
  has_many :songs

  validates :title, presence: true
  validates :date, presence: true

  has_one_attached :cover
end

class Album < ApplicationRecord

belongs_to :category

belongs_to :artist

has_many :songs

validates :title, presence: true

validates :date, presence: true

has_one_attached :cover

end

6. O model Artist (_app/models/artist.rb_) deve ficar com o seguinte conteúdo

class Artist < ApplicationRecord
  has_many :albums

  validates :name, presence: true
  has_one_attached :photo
end

class Artist < ApplicationRecord

has_many :albums

validates :name, presence: true

has_one_attached :photo

end

7. O model Category (_app/models/category.rb_) deve ficar com o conteúdo

class Category < ApplicationRecord
  has_many :albums
  validates :name, presence: true
  has_one_attached :image
end

class Category < ApplicationRecord

has_many :albums

validates :name, presence: true

has_one_attached :image

end

8. O model Song (_app/models/song.rb_) deve ficar com o conteúdo

class Song < ApplicationRecord
  belongs_to :album
  validates :title, presence: true
  has_one_attached :file
end

class Song < ApplicationRecord

belongs_to :album

validates :title, presence: true

has_one_attached :file

end

9. Também vamos adicionar o campo para o nome do usuário

rails g migration add_name_to_users name:string

1	rails g migration add_name_to_users name:string

10. E o model User (_app/models/user.rb_) deve ficar com o conteúdo

class User < ApplicationRecord
  devise :database_authenticatable, :registerable,
         :recoverable, :rememberable, :validatable

  has_many :favorites
  has_many :recently_heards

  validates :name, presence: true
end

class User < ApplicationRecord

devise :database_authenticatable, :registerable,

:recoverable, :rememberable, :validatable

has_many :favorites

has_many :recently_heards

validates :name, presence: true

end

Preparando os Seeds

1. Baixe este pacote de arquivos contendo as músicas e as imagens utilizadas no app

Clique aqui para o Download

2. Após baixa, coloque dentro da pasta _tmp_ como nome _seed_files_. Ou seja, o caminho da pasta contendo os arquivos ficará _tmp/seeds_files_

3. Acrescente o seguinte conteúdo em _db/seeds.rb_

#========================
# SONGS
#========================

tmp_dir = Rails.root.join("tmp")


rock = Category.create(name: "Rock")
rock.image.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/rock.png"), filename: "rock.png")

blues = Category.create(name: "Blues")
blues.image.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/blues.png"), filename: "blues.png")

country = Category.create(name: "Country")
country.image.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/country.png"), filename: "country.png")

jazz = Category.create(name: "Jazz")
jazz.image.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/jazz.png"), filename: "jazz.png")


# ANDREW HOWS

andrew_howes = Artist.create(name: "Andrew Howes")
andrew_howes.photo.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/andrew_howes.jpg"), filename: "andrew_howes.jpg")

gubernator = andrew_howes.albums.create(title: "Gubernator", date: Time.strptime("18/05/2015", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: rock)
gubernator.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/gubernator.jpg"), filename: "gubernator.jpg")

dumb_luck = gubernator.songs.create(title: "Dumb Luck", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
dumb_luck.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/dumb_luck.mp3"), filename: "dumb_luck.mp3")
helmsman = gubernator.songs.create(title: "Helmsman", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
helmsman.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/helmsman.mp3"), filename: "helmsman.mp3")
crimea = gubernator.songs.create(title: "Crimea", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
crimea.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/crimea.mp3"), filename: "crimea.mp3")
traitors_gate = gubernator.songs.create(title: "Traitors Gate", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
traitors_gate.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/traitors_gate.mp3"), filename: "traitors_gate.mp3")


the_great_bear = andrew_howes.albums.create(title: "The Great Bear", date: Time.strptime("19/05/2015", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: rock)
the_great_bear.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/the_great_bear.jpg"), filename: "the_great_bear.jpg")

big_drop = the_great_bear.songs.create(title: "Big Drop", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
big_drop.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/big_drop.mp3"), filename: "big_drop.mp3")
four_am = the_great_bear.songs.create(title: "4am", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
four_am.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/4_am.mp3"), filename: "4_am.mp3")
waiting = the_great_bear.songs.create(title: "Waiting", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
waiting.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/waiting.mp3"), filename: "waiting.mp3")



# YELLOW CHAIR

yellow_chair = Artist.create(name: "Yellow Chair")
yellow_chair.photo.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/yellow_chair.jpg"), filename: "yellow_chair.jpg")

barcelona = yellow_chair.albums.create(title: "Barcelona", date: Time.strptime("07/01/2008", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: rock)
barcelona.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/barcelona.jpg"), filename: "barcelona.jpg")

via_laietana = barcelona.songs.create(title: "Via Laietana", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
via_laietana.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/via_laietana.mp3"), filename: "via_laietana.mp3")
passeig_de_gracia = barcelona.songs.create(title: "Passeig de Gràcia", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
passeig_de_gracia.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/passeig_de_gracia.mp3"), filename: "passeig_de_gracia.mp3")
itaca = barcelona.songs.create(title: "Itaca", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
itaca.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/itaca.mp3"), filename: "itaca.mp3")


everything_zen = yellow_chair.albums.create(title: "Everything Zen", date: Time.strptime("01/07/2013", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: rock)
everything_zen.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/everything_zen.jpg"), filename: "everything_zen.jpg")

everything_zen_music = everything_zen.songs.create(title: "Everything Zen", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
everything_zen_music.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/everything_zen.mp3"), filename: "everything_zen.mp3")


meng_jia = yellow_chair.albums.create(title: "Meng Jia", date: Time.strptime("07/03/2014", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: rock)
meng_jia.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/meng_jia.jpg"), filename: "meng_jia.jpg")

malvinas_go_go = meng_jia.songs.create(title: "Malvinas Go-Go", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
malvinas_go_go.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/malvinas_go_go.mp3"), filename: "malvinas_go_go.mp3")
coronation_pope_francis = meng_jia.songs.create(title: "Coronation of Pope Francis", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
coronation_pope_francis.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/coronation_pope_francis.mp3"), filename: "coronation_pope_francis.mp3")


# WAYLON THORNTON

waylon_thornton = Artist.create(name: "Waylon Thornton")
waylon_thornton.photo.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/waylon_thornton.jpg"), filename: "waylon_thornton.jpg")

mystery_club = waylon_thornton.albums.create(title: "Mystery Club", date: Time.strptime("29/06/2011", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: rock)
mystery_club.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/mystery_club.jpg"), filename: "mystery_club.jpg")

wobbly_way = mystery_club.songs.create(title: "Wobbly Way", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
wobbly_way.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/wobbly_way.mp3"), filename: "wobbly_way.mp3")
very_hazel = mystery_club.songs.create(title: "Very Hazel", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
very_hazel.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/very_hazel.mp3"), filename: "very_hazel.mp3")
favorite_secrets = mystery_club.songs.create(title: "Favorite Secrets", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
favorite_secrets.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/favorite_secrets.mp3"), filename: "favorite_secrets.mp3")




# BREAK THE BANS

break_the_bans = Artist.create(name: "Break the Bans")
break_the_bans.photo.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/break_the_bans.jpg"), filename: "break_the_bans.jpg")

covers_besides = break_the_bans.albums.create(title: "Covers & B-sides", date: Time.strptime("29/07/2013", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: blues)
covers_besides.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/covers_besides.jpg"), filename: "covers_besides.jpg")

how_can_i_love_her = covers_besides.songs.create(title: "How can I love her", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
how_can_i_love_her.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/how_can_i_love_her.mp3"), filename: "how_can_i_love_her.mp3")


# CULLAH

cullah = Artist.create(name: "Cullah")
cullah.photo.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/cullah.jpg"), filename: "cullah.jpg")

be_love_not_fear = cullah.albums.create(title: "Be Love Not Fear", date: Time.strptime("29/07/2013", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: blues)
be_love_not_fear.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/be_love_not_fear.jpg"), filename: "be_love_not_fear.jpg")

save_my_soul = be_love_not_fear.songs.create(title: "Save my Soul", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
save_my_soul.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/save_my_soul.mp3"), filename: "save_my_soul.mp3")
who_am_i = be_love_not_fear.songs.create(title: "Who am I?", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
who_am_i.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/who_am_i.mp3"), filename: "who_am_i.mp3")
jane_the_ripper = be_love_not_fear.songs.create(title: "Jane the Ripper", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
jane_the_ripper.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/jane_the_ripper.mp3"), filename: "jane_the_ripper.mp3")


trinity = cullah.albums.create(title: "Trinity", date: Time.strptime("27/04/2016", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: blues)
trinity.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/trinity.jpg"), filename: "trinity.jpg")

freed_from_greed = trinity.songs.create(title: "Freed from Greed", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
freed_from_greed.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/freed_from_greed.mp3"), filename: "freed_from_greed.mp3")
aisling = trinity.songs.create(title: "Aisling", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
aisling.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/aisling.mp3"), filename: "aisling.mp3")




# HANDMADE MOMENTS

handmade_moments = Artist.create(name: "Handmade Moments")
handmade_moments.photo.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/handmade_moments.jpg"), filename: "handmade_moments.jpg")

paw_paw_tree = handmade_moments.albums.create(title: "Paw Paw Tree", date: Time.strptime("29/07/2013", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: country)
paw_paw_tree.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/paw_paw_tree.jpg"), filename: "paw_paw_tree.jpg")

junkie = paw_paw_tree.songs.create(title: "Junkie", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
junkie.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/junkie.mp3"), filename: "junkie.mp3")
fighting_a_mountain = paw_paw_tree.songs.create(title: "Fighting a Mountain", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
fighting_a_mountain.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/fighting_a_mountain.mp3"), filename: "fighting_a_mountain.mp3")
wanderin_eyes = paw_paw_tree.songs.create(title: "Wanderin' Eyes", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
wanderin_eyes.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/wanderin_eyes.mp3"), filename: "wanderin_eyes.mp3")
human_hands = paw_paw_tree.songs.create(title: "Human Hands", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
human_hands.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/human_hands.mp3"), filename: "human_hands.mp3")
coffee_chocolate_earth = paw_paw_tree.songs.create(title: "Coffee, Chocolate, Earth", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
coffee_chocolate_earth.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/coffee_chocolate_earth.mp3"), filename: "coffee_chocolate_earth.mp3")



# DEE YAN-KEY

dee_yan_key = Artist.create(name: "Dee Yan-Key")
dee_yan_key.photo.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/dee_yan_key.jpg"), filename: "dee_yan_key.jpg")

years_and_years_ago = dee_yan_key.albums.create(title: "Years and Years Ago",  date: Time.strptime("17/05/2011", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: jazz)
years_and_years_ago.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/years_and_years_ago.jpg"), filename: "years_and_years_ago.jpg")

lazy = years_and_years_ago.songs.create(title: "Lazy", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
lazy.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/lazy.mp3"), filename: "lazy.mp3")
snow = years_and_years_ago.songs.create(title: "Snow", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
snow.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/snow.mp3"), filename: "snow.mp3")
grief = years_and_years_ago.songs.create(title: "Grief", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
grief.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/grief.mp3"), filename: "grief.mp3")
clowns = years_and_years_ago.songs.create(title: "Clowns", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
clowns.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/clowns.mp3"), filename: "clowns.mp3")


mans_life = dee_yan_key.albums.create(title: "A Man's Life",  date: Time.strptime("17/09/2012", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: jazz)
mans_life.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/mans_life.jpg"), filename: "mans_life.jpg")

life = mans_life.songs.create(title: "Life", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
life.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/life.mp3"), filename: "life.mp3")
death_redemption = mans_life.songs.create(title: "Death & Redemption", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
death_redemption.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/death_redemption.mp3"), filename: "death_redemption.mp3")


aldebaran = dee_yan_key.albums.create(title: "Aldebaran",  date: Time.strptime("30/01/2012", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: jazz)
aldebaran.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/aldebaran.jpg"), filename: "aldebaran.jpg")

antares, = aldebaran.songs.create(title: "Antares", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
antares.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/antares.mp3"), filename: "antares.mp3")


# KING IMAGINE

king_imagine = Artist.create(name: "King Imagine")
king_imagine.photo.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/king_imagine.jpg"), filename: "king_imagine.jpg")

inside = king_imagine.albums.create(title: "Inside",  date: Time.strptime("30/09/2012", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: jazz)
inside.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/inside.jpg"), filename: "inside.jpg")

ivy = inside.songs.create(title: "Ivy", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
ivy.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/ivy.mp3"), filename: "ivy.mp3")
escape = inside.songs.create(title: "Escape", played_count: Random.rand(1000))
escape.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/escape.mp3"), filename: "escape.mp3")



#========================
# USERS
#========================

freddie_mercury = User.create(name: "Freddie Mercury", email: "freddie@mercury.com", password: "123456", password_confirmation: "123456")
freddie_mercury.favorites.create(favoritable: trinity)
freddie_mercury.favorites.create(favoritable: paw_paw_tree)
freddie_mercury.favorites.create(favoritable: everything_zen)
freddie_mercury.favorites.create(favoritable: gubernator)
freddie_mercury.recently_heards.create(album: inside)
freddie_mercury.recently_heards.create(album: trinity)
freddie_mercury.recently_heards.create(album: gubernator)
freddie_mercury.recently_heards.create(album: the_great_bear)

diana_ross = User.create(name: "Diana Ross", email: "diana@ross.com", password: "123456", password_confirmation: "123456")
diana_ross.favorites.create(favoritable: trinity)
diana_ross.recently_heards.create(album: the_great_bear)
diana_ross.recently_heards.create(album: paw_paw_tree)
diana_ross.recently_heards.create(album: aldebaran)

michael_jackson = User.create(name: "Michael Jackson", email: "michael@jackson.com", password: "123456", password_confirmation: "123456")
michael_jackson.favorites.create(favoritable: trinity)
michael_jackson.favorites.create(favoritable: paw_paw_tree)

celine_dion = User.create(name: "Celine Dion", email: "celine@dion.com", password: "123456", password_confirmation: "123456")
celine_dion.favorites.create(favoritable: trinity)
celine_dion.favorites.create(favoritable: everything_zen)

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#========================

# SONGS

#========================

tmp_dir = Rails.root.join("tmp")

rock = Category.create(name: "Rock")

rock.image.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/rock.png"), filename: "rock.png")

blues = Category.create(name: "Blues")

blues.image.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/blues.png"), filename: "blues.png")

country = Category.create(name: "Country")

country.image.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/country.png"), filename: "country.png")

jazz = Category.create(name: "Jazz")

jazz.image.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/jazz.png"), filename: "jazz.png")

# ANDREW HOWS

andrew_howes = Artist.create(name: "Andrew Howes")

andrew_howes.photo.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/andrew_howes.jpg"), filename: "andrew_howes.jpg")

gubernator = andrew_howes.albums.create(title: "Gubernator", date: Time.strptime("18/05/2015", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: rock)

gubernator.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/gubernator.jpg"), filename: "gubernator.jpg")

dumb_luck = gubernator.songs.create(title: "Dumb Luck", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

dumb_luck.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/dumb_luck.mp3"), filename: "dumb_luck.mp3")

helmsman = gubernator.songs.create(title: "Helmsman", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

helmsman.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/helmsman.mp3"), filename: "helmsman.mp3")

crimea = gubernator.songs.create(title: "Crimea", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

crimea.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/crimea.mp3"), filename: "crimea.mp3")

traitors_gate = gubernator.songs.create(title: "Traitors Gate", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

traitors_gate.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/traitors_gate.mp3"), filename: "traitors_gate.mp3")

the_great_bear = andrew_howes.albums.create(title: "The Great Bear", date: Time.strptime("19/05/2015", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: rock)

the_great_bear.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/the_great_bear.jpg"), filename: "the_great_bear.jpg")

big_drop = the_great_bear.songs.create(title: "Big Drop", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

big_drop.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/big_drop.mp3"), filename: "big_drop.mp3")

four_am = the_great_bear.songs.create(title: "4am", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

four_am.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/4_am.mp3"), filename: "4_am.mp3")

waiting = the_great_bear.songs.create(title: "Waiting", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

waiting.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/waiting.mp3"), filename: "waiting.mp3")

# YELLOW CHAIR

yellow_chair = Artist.create(name: "Yellow Chair")

yellow_chair.photo.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/yellow_chair.jpg"), filename: "yellow_chair.jpg")

barcelona = yellow_chair.albums.create(title: "Barcelona", date: Time.strptime("07/01/2008", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: rock)

barcelona.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/barcelona.jpg"), filename: "barcelona.jpg")

via_laietana = barcelona.songs.create(title: "Via Laietana", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

via_laietana.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/via_laietana.mp3"), filename: "via_laietana.mp3")

passeig_de_gracia = barcelona.songs.create(title: "Passeig de Gràcia", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

passeig_de_gracia.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/passeig_de_gracia.mp3"), filename: "passeig_de_gracia.mp3")

itaca = barcelona.songs.create(title: "Itaca", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

itaca.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/itaca.mp3"), filename: "itaca.mp3")

everything_zen = yellow_chair.albums.create(title: "Everything Zen", date: Time.strptime("01/07/2013", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: rock)

everything_zen.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/everything_zen.jpg"), filename: "everything_zen.jpg")

everything_zen_music = everything_zen.songs.create(title: "Everything Zen", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

everything_zen_music.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/everything_zen.mp3"), filename: "everything_zen.mp3")

meng_jia = yellow_chair.albums.create(title: "Meng Jia", date: Time.strptime("07/03/2014", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: rock)

meng_jia.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/meng_jia.jpg"), filename: "meng_jia.jpg")

malvinas_go_go = meng_jia.songs.create(title: "Malvinas Go-Go", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

malvinas_go_go.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/malvinas_go_go.mp3"), filename: "malvinas_go_go.mp3")

coronation_pope_francis = meng_jia.songs.create(title: "Coronation of Pope Francis", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

coronation_pope_francis.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/coronation_pope_francis.mp3"), filename: "coronation_pope_francis.mp3")

# WAYLON THORNTON

waylon_thornton = Artist.create(name: "Waylon Thornton")

waylon_thornton.photo.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/waylon_thornton.jpg"), filename: "waylon_thornton.jpg")

mystery_club = waylon_thornton.albums.create(title: "Mystery Club", date: Time.strptime("29/06/2011", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: rock)

mystery_club.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/mystery_club.jpg"), filename: "mystery_club.jpg")

wobbly_way = mystery_club.songs.create(title: "Wobbly Way", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

wobbly_way.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/wobbly_way.mp3"), filename: "wobbly_way.mp3")

very_hazel = mystery_club.songs.create(title: "Very Hazel", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

very_hazel.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/very_hazel.mp3"), filename: "very_hazel.mp3")

favorite_secrets = mystery_club.songs.create(title: "Favorite Secrets", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

favorite_secrets.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/favorite_secrets.mp3"), filename: "favorite_secrets.mp3")

# BREAK THE BANS

break_the_bans = Artist.create(name: "Break the Bans")

break_the_bans.photo.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/break_the_bans.jpg"), filename: "break_the_bans.jpg")

covers_besides = break_the_bans.albums.create(title: "Covers & B-sides", date: Time.strptime("29/07/2013", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: blues)

covers_besides.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/covers_besides.jpg"), filename: "covers_besides.jpg")

how_can_i_love_her = covers_besides.songs.create(title: "How can I love her", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

how_can_i_love_her.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/how_can_i_love_her.mp3"), filename: "how_can_i_love_her.mp3")

# CULLAH

cullah = Artist.create(name: "Cullah")

cullah.photo.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/cullah.jpg"), filename: "cullah.jpg")

be_love_not_fear = cullah.albums.create(title: "Be Love Not Fear", date: Time.strptime("29/07/2013", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: blues)

be_love_not_fear.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/be_love_not_fear.jpg"), filename: "be_love_not_fear.jpg")

save_my_soul = be_love_not_fear.songs.create(title: "Save my Soul", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

save_my_soul.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/save_my_soul.mp3"), filename: "save_my_soul.mp3")

who_am_i = be_love_not_fear.songs.create(title: "Who am I?", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

who_am_i.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/who_am_i.mp3"), filename: "who_am_i.mp3")

jane_the_ripper = be_love_not_fear.songs.create(title: "Jane the Ripper", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

jane_the_ripper.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/jane_the_ripper.mp3"), filename: "jane_the_ripper.mp3")

trinity = cullah.albums.create(title: "Trinity", date: Time.strptime("27/04/2016", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: blues)

trinity.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/trinity.jpg"), filename: "trinity.jpg")

freed_from_greed = trinity.songs.create(title: "Freed from Greed", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

freed_from_greed.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/freed_from_greed.mp3"), filename: "freed_from_greed.mp3")

aisling = trinity.songs.create(title: "Aisling", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

aisling.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/aisling.mp3"), filename: "aisling.mp3")

# HANDMADE MOMENTS

handmade_moments = Artist.create(name: "Handmade Moments")

handmade_moments.photo.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/handmade_moments.jpg"), filename: "handmade_moments.jpg")

paw_paw_tree = handmade_moments.albums.create(title: "Paw Paw Tree", date: Time.strptime("29/07/2013", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: country)

paw_paw_tree.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/paw_paw_tree.jpg"), filename: "paw_paw_tree.jpg")

junkie = paw_paw_tree.songs.create(title: "Junkie", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

junkie.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/junkie.mp3"), filename: "junkie.mp3")

fighting_a_mountain = paw_paw_tree.songs.create(title: "Fighting a Mountain", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

fighting_a_mountain.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/fighting_a_mountain.mp3"), filename: "fighting_a_mountain.mp3")

wanderin_eyes = paw_paw_tree.songs.create(title: "Wanderin' Eyes", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

wanderin_eyes.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/wanderin_eyes.mp3"), filename: "wanderin_eyes.mp3")

human_hands = paw_paw_tree.songs.create(title: "Human Hands", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

human_hands.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/human_hands.mp3"), filename: "human_hands.mp3")

coffee_chocolate_earth = paw_paw_tree.songs.create(title: "Coffee, Chocolate, Earth", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

coffee_chocolate_earth.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/coffee_chocolate_earth.mp3"), filename: "coffee_chocolate_earth.mp3")

# DEE YAN-KEY

dee_yan_key = Artist.create(name: "Dee Yan-Key")

dee_yan_key.photo.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/dee_yan_key.jpg"), filename: "dee_yan_key.jpg")

years_and_years_ago = dee_yan_key.albums.create(title: "Years and Years Ago", date: Time.strptime("17/05/2011", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: jazz)

years_and_years_ago.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/years_and_years_ago.jpg"), filename: "years_and_years_ago.jpg")

lazy = years_and_years_ago.songs.create(title: "Lazy", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

lazy.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/lazy.mp3"), filename: "lazy.mp3")

snow = years_and_years_ago.songs.create(title: "Snow", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

snow.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/snow.mp3"), filename: "snow.mp3")

grief = years_and_years_ago.songs.create(title: "Grief", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

grief.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/grief.mp3"), filename: "grief.mp3")

clowns = years_and_years_ago.songs.create(title: "Clowns", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

clowns.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/clowns.mp3"), filename: "clowns.mp3")

mans_life = dee_yan_key.albums.create(title: "A Man's Life", date: Time.strptime("17/09/2012", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: jazz)

mans_life.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/mans_life.jpg"), filename: "mans_life.jpg")

life = mans_life.songs.create(title: "Life", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

life.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/life.mp3"), filename: "life.mp3")

death_redemption = mans_life.songs.create(title: "Death & Redemption", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

death_redemption.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/death_redemption.mp3"), filename: "death_redemption.mp3")

aldebaran = dee_yan_key.albums.create(title: "Aldebaran", date: Time.strptime("30/01/2012", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: jazz)

aldebaran.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/aldebaran.jpg"), filename: "aldebaran.jpg")

antares, = aldebaran.songs.create(title: "Antares", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

antares.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/antares.mp3"), filename: "antares.mp3")

# KING IMAGINE

king_imagine = Artist.create(name: "King Imagine")

king_imagine.photo.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/king_imagine.jpg"), filename: "king_imagine.jpg")

inside = king_imagine.albums.create(title: "Inside", date: Time.strptime("30/09/2012", "%d/%m/%Y"), category: jazz)

inside.cover.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/inside.jpg"), filename: "inside.jpg")

ivy = inside.songs.create(title: "Ivy", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

ivy.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/ivy.mp3"), filename: "ivy.mp3")

escape = inside.songs.create(title: "Escape", played_count: Random.rand(1000))

escape.file.attach(io: File.open("#{tmp_dir}/seed_files/musics/escape.mp3"), filename: "escape.mp3")

#========================

# USERS

#========================

freddie_mercury = User.create(name: "Freddie Mercury", email: "freddie@mercury.com", password: "123456", password_confirmation: "123456")

freddie_mercury.favorites.create(favoritable: trinity)

freddie_mercury.favorites.create(favoritable: paw_paw_tree)

freddie_mercury.favorites.create(favoritable: everything_zen)

freddie_mercury.favorites.create(favoritable: gubernator)

freddie_mercury.recently_heards.create(album: inside)

freddie_mercury.recently_heards.create(album: trinity)

freddie_mercury.recently_heards.create(album: gubernator)

freddie_mercury.recently_heards.create(album: the_great_bear)

diana_ross = User.create(name: "Diana Ross", email: "diana@ross.com", password: "123456", password_confirmation: "123456")

diana_ross.favorites.create(favoritable: trinity)

diana_ross.recently_heards.create(album: the_great_bear)

diana_ross.recently_heards.create(album: paw_paw_tree)

diana_ross.recently_heards.create(album: aldebaran)

michael_jackson = User.create(name: "Michael Jackson", email: "michael@jackson.com", password: "123456", password_confirmation: "123456")

michael_jackson.favorites.create(favoritable: trinity)

michael_jackson.favorites.create(favoritable: paw_paw_tree)

celine_dion = User.create(name: "Celine Dion", email: "celine@dion.com", password: "123456", password_confirmation: "123456")

celine_dion.favorites.create(favoritable: trinity)

celine_dion.favorites.create(favoritable: everything_zen)

4. Agora execute o comando para rodar os seeds

rails db:seed

1	rails db:seed

Criando o Endpoint de Discovery

1. Vamos criar o controller para o dashboard

rails g controller api/v1/dashboard

1	rails g controller api/v1/dashboard

Perceba que ele criou na estrutura e pastas api/v1 junto com os módulos de cada um

2. Para este controller, vamos criar uma action index para carregar as músicas. Adicione em app/controllers/api/v1/dashboard_controller.rb

class Api::V1::DashboardController < ApplicationController
  def index
    load_recent_heard
    load_recommendations
  end


  private


  def load_recent_heard
    @recent_albums = current_user.recently_heards.order("created_at DESC").limit(4).map(&:album)
  end


  def load_recommendations
    heard_categories = @recent_albums.map(&:category)
    if heard_categories.present?
      @recommended_albums = Album.joins(:category, :songs).where(category: heard_categories).order("songs.played_count")
                                .select("distinct albums.*").limit(12)
    else
      @recommended_albums = Album.all.limit(12)
    end
  end
end

class Api::V1::DashboardController < ApplicationController

def index

load_recent_heard

load_recommendations

end

private

def load_recent_heard

@recent_albums = current_user.recently_heards.order("created_at DESC").limit(4).map(&:album)

end

def load_recommendations

heard_categories = @recent_albums.map(&:category)

if heard_categories.present?

@recommended_albums = Album.joins(:category, :songs).where(category: heard_categories).order("songs.played_count")

.select("distinct albums.*").limit(12)

else

@recommended_albums = Album.all.limit(12)

end

Estamos carregando para o dashboard os álbuns ouvidos recentemente e as recomendações com base nas últimas categorias que o usuário ouviu

3. Com o controller criado, podemos adicionar as rotas. Adicione em config/routes.rb

Rails.application.routes.draw do
  ...
  
  namespace :api, defaults: { format: :json } do
    namespace :v1 do
      resources :dashboard, only: :index
    end
  end
end

Rails.application.routes.draw do

...

namespace :api, defaults: { format: :json } do

namespace :v1 do

resources :dashboard, only: :index

end

Rotas foram adicionadas com o namespace api e v1 para que possamos isolar num contexto à parte rotas HTML

4. Para fazer a renderização JSON, utilizaremos o JBuilder. Para isso, vamos criar um arquivo de view com a extensão dele

Crie um arquivo app/views/api/v1/dashboard/index.json.jbuilder

5. Acrescente o seguinte conteúdo em app/views/api/v1/dashboard/index.json.jbuilder

json.recent_albums @recent_albums.each do |album|
  json.id album.id
  json.title album.title
  json.artist_name album.artist.name
  json.cover_url url_for(album.cover)
end

json.recommended_albums @recommended_albums.each do |album|
  json.id album.id
  json.title album.title
  json.artist_name album.artist.name
  json.cover_url url_for(album.cover)
end

json.recent_albums @recent_albums.each do |album|

json.id album.id

json.title album.title

json.artist_name album.artist.name

json.cover_url url_for(album.cover)

end

json.recommended_albums @recommended_albums.each do |album|

json.id album.id

json.title album.title

json.artist_name album.artist.name

json.cover_url url_for(album.cover)

end

6. Testar o endpoint

Criando os Endpoints de Buscas

1. Primeiro vamos analisar a página de busca em si. Ela precisará da lista de categorias. Então vamos começar a criar um endpoint proprio para isso. Digite no terminal

rails g controller api/v1/categories

1	rails g controller api/v1/categories

2. Acrescente o seguinte código em app/controllers/api/v1/categories_controller.rb

class Api::V1::CategoriesController < ApplicationController
  def index
    @categories = Category.all
  end
end

class Api::V1::CategoriesController < ApplicationController

def index

@categories = Category.all

end

3. Para renderizar o JSON deste enpoint vamos criar o arquivo do JBuilder

Crie um arquivo app/views/api/v1/categories/index.json.jbuilder

4. Acrescente o seguinte conteúdo em app/views/api/v1/categories/index.json.jbuilder

json.categories @categories.each do |category|
  json.id category.id
  json.name category.name
  json.image_url url_for(category.image)
end

json.categories @categories.each do |category|

json.id category.id

json.name category.name

json.image_url url_for(category.image)

end

5. Para a busca, vamos criar um controller específico para ela. Digite no terminal

rails g controller api/v1/search

1	rails g controller api/v1/search

6. Acrescente o seguinte em app/controllers/api/v1/search_controller.rb

class Api::V1::SearchController < ApplicationController
  def index
    @songs = Song.where("title LIKE ?", "%#{params[:query]}%")
    @albums = Album.where("title LIKE ?", "%#{params[:query]}%")
    @artists = Artist.where("name LIKE ?", "%#{params[:query]}%")
  end
end

class Api::V1::SearchController < ApplicationController

def index

@songs = Song.where("title LIKE ?", "%#{params[:query]}%")

@albums = Album.where("title LIKE ?", "%#{params[:query]}%")

@artists = Artist.where("name LIKE ?", "%#{params[:query]}%")

end

7. Para renderizar o JSON deste enpoint de busca vamos criar o arquivo do JBuilder

Crie um arquivo app/views/api/v1/search/index.json.jbuilder

8. Acrescente o seguinte conteúdo em app/views/api/v1/search/index.json.jbuilder

json.songs @songs.each do |song|
  json.id song.id
  json.title song.title
  json.artist_name song.album.artist.name
  json.file_url url_for(song.file)
end

json.artists @artists.each do |artist|
  json.id artist.id
  json.name artist.name
  json.photo_url url_for(artist.photo)
end

json.albums @albums.each do |album|
  json.id album.id
  json.title album.title
  json.artist_name album.artist.name
  json.cover_url url_for(album.cover)
end

json.songs @songs.each do |song|

json.id song.id

json.title song.title

json.artist_name song.album.artist.name

json.file_url url_for(song.file)

end

json.artists @artists.each do |artist|

json.id artist.id

json.name artist.name

json.photo_url url_for(artist.photo)

end

json.albums @albums.each do |album|

json.id album.id

json.title album.title

json.artist_name album.artist.name

json.cover_url url_for(album.cover)

end

9. E por último, vamos acrescentar as rotas para listar as categorias e fazer a busca. Acrescente em config/routes.rb

Rails.application.routes.draw do
  ...
  
  namespace :api, defaults: { format: :json } do
    namespace :v1 do
      resources :dashboard, only: :index
      resources :search, only: :index
      resources :categories, only: :index
    end
  end
end

Rails.application.routes.draw do

...

namespace :api, defaults: { format: :json } do

namespace :v1 do

resources :dashboard, only: :index

resources :search, only: :index

resources :categories, only: :index

end

Criando os Endpoints de Categorias

1. Vamos começar adicionando alguns método no model Category. Adicione em app/models/category.rb

class Category < ApplicationRecord
  ...
  
  def artists
    Artist.joins(:albums).where(albums: { id: self.albums.ids }).distinct
  end


  def songs
    Song.joins(:album).where(songs: { id: self.albums.ids }).distinct
  end
end

class Category < ApplicationRecord

...

def artists

Artist.joins(:albums).where(albums: { id: self.albums.ids }).distinct

end

def songs

Song.joins(:album).where(songs: { id: self.albums.ids }).distinct

end

Estamos adicionando dois método para retornar os artistas e as músicas de um determinada categoria.

2. Com o métodos em categoria, podemos adicionar uma action show no controller de categorias. Adicione em app/controllers/api/v1/categories_controller.rb

class Api::V1::CategoriesController < ApplicationController
  ...

  def show
    @category = Category.find(params[:id])
  end
end

class Api::V1::CategoriesController < ApplicationController

...

def show

@category = Category.find(params[:id])

end

Estamos apenas buscando uma categoria por ID

3. Para retornar um objeto JSON que precisamos com o resultado, vamos criar um JBuilder para isso

Crie um arquivo app/views/api/v1/categories/show.json.jbuilder

4. Adicione o seguinte em app/views/api/v1/categories/show.json.jbuilder

json.name @category.name
json.image_url url_for(@category.image)

json.songs @category.songs.each do |song|
  json.id song.id
  json.title song.title
  json.artist_name song.album.artist.name
  json.file_url url_for(song.file)
end

json.artists @category.artists.each do |artist|
  json.id artist.id
  json.name artist.name
  json.photo_url url_for(artist.photo)
end

json.albums @category.albums.each do |album|
  json.id album.id
  json.title album.title
  json.artist_name album.artist.name
  json.cover_url url_for(album.cover)
end

json.name @category.name

json.image_url url_for(@category.image)

json.songs @category.songs.each do |song|

json.id song.id

json.title song.title

json.artist_name song.album.artist.name

json.file_url url_for(song.file)

end

json.artists @category.artists.each do |artist|

json.id artist.id

json.name artist.name

json.photo_url url_for(artist.photo)

end

json.albums @category.albums.each do |album|

json.id album.id

json.title album.title

json.artist_name album.artist.name

json.cover_url url_for(album.cover)

end

5. Por último, vamos acrescentar rota para detalhar uma categoria. Em config/routes.rb:

Substitua:

resources :categories, only: :index

1	resources :categories, only: :index

Por:

resources :categories, only: %i[index show]

1	resources :categories, only: %i[index show]

Criando os Endpoints de Álbuns

1. Vamos começar criando um controller para o Álbum

rails g controller api/v1/albums

1	rails g controller api/v1/albums

2. Acrescente em app/controllers/api/v1/albums

class Api::V1::AlbumsController < ApplicationController
  def show
    @album = Album.find(params[:id])
  end
end

class Api::V1::AlbumsController < ApplicationController

def show

@album = Album.find(params[:id])

end

3. Para renderizar os detalhes, vamos criar uma view JBuilder para isso

Crie uma view app/views/api/v1/albums/show.json.jbuilder

4. Adicione em app/views/api/v1/albums/show.json.jbuilder

json.title @album.title
json.cover_url url_for(@album.cover)

json.songs @album.songs.each do |song|
  json.id song.id
  json.title song.title
  json.file_url url_for(song.file)
end

json.title @album.title

json.cover_url url_for(@album.cover)

json.songs @album.songs.each do |song|

json.id song.id

json.title song.title

json.file_url url_for(song.file)

end

5. Para o álbum tocado recentemente, criaremos um controller para que isso seja feito. Digite no terminal

rails g controller api/v1/recently_heards

1	rails g controller api/v1/recently_heards

6. Crie um action :create em app/controllers/api/v1/recently_heads_controller.rb

class Api::V1::RecentlyHeardsController < ApplicationController
  def create
    @recently_heard = current_user.recently_heards.new(album_id: params[:album_id])
    @recently_heard.save
    head :ok
  end
end

class Api::V1::RecentlyHeardsController < ApplicationController

def create

@recently_heard = current_user.recently_heards.new(album_id: params[:album_id])

@recently_heard.save

head :ok

end

7. Para que o POST não falhe numa requisição JSON, acrescente o seguinte em ApplicationController

class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
  before_action :authenticate_user!
  protect_from_forgery unless: -> { request.format.json? }
end

class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base

before_action :authenticate_user!

protect_from_forgery unless: -> { request.format.json? }

end

8. E para finalizar, vamos acrescentas as rotas para estas duas actions que criamos. Acrescente em config/routes.rb

Rails.application.routes.draw do
  ...
  
  namespace :api, defaults: { format: :json } do
    namespace :v1 do
      ...
      resources :albums, only: :show do
        resources :recently_heards, only: :create
      end
    end
  end
end

Rails.application.routes.draw do

...

namespace :api, defaults: { format: :json } do

namespace :v1 do

...

resources :albums, only: :show do

resources :recently_heards, only: :create

end

Criando os Endpoints de Favoritos

1. Vamos começar criando o controller para os favoritos. Digite no terminal

rails g controller api/v1/favorites

1	rails g controller api/v1/favorites

2. Nos favoritos, vamos criar as actions para listar, adicionar e remover. Adicione em app/controllers/api/v1/favorites_controller.rb

class Api::V1::FavoritesController < ApplicationController
  def index
    @favorite_albums = current_user.favorites.where(favoritable_type: "Album").map(&:favoritable)
    @favorite_songs = current_user.favorites.where(favoritable_type: "Song").map(&:favoritable)
    @favorite_artists = current_user.favorites.where(favoritable_type: "Artist").map(&:favoritable)
  end

  def create
    @favoritable = current_user.favorites.new(favoritable_type: params[:favoritable_type], favoritable_id: params[:id])
    @favoritable.save
    head :ok
  end

  def destroy
    @favoritable = current_user.favorites.find_by(favoritable_type: params[:favoritable_type], favoritable_id: params[:id])
    @favoritable.destroy
    head :ok
  end
end

class Api::V1::FavoritesController < ApplicationController

def index

@favorite_albums = current_user.favorites.where(favoritable_type: "Album").map(&:favoritable)

@favorite_songs = current_user.favorites.where(favoritable_type: "Song").map(&:favoritable)

@favorite_artists = current_user.favorites.where(favoritable_type: "Artist").map(&:favoritable)

end

def create

@favoritable = current_user.favorites.new(favoritable_type: params[:favoritable_type], favoritable_id: params[:id])

@favoritable.save

head :ok

end

def destroy

@favoritable = current_user.favorites.find_by(favoritable_type: params[:favoritable_type], favoritable_id: params[:id])

@favoritable.destroy

head :ok

end

Perceba que estamos utilizando bastante os recursos que a entidade polimórfica do Rails já nos traz. Na busca, estamos buscando tanto os Albuns, Música e Artistas favoritas utilizando como filtro o campo favoritable_type.
Para adicionar e remover não faremos direrente. Como queremos utilizar uma rota aninhada para favoritar, utilizamos tanto o id da entidade com a qual será aninhada quanto o favoritable_type que colocaremos como parâmetro fixo.

3. Agora nas rotas, utilizaremos um recurso chamado concern onde podemos criar um grupo de rotas que queremos aplicar em diversos contextos. Para isso, acrescente o seguinte com config/routes.rb

Rails.application.routes.draw do
  devise_for :users
  root to: "home#index"

  concern :favoritable do |options|
    shallow do
      post "/favorite", { to: "favorites#create", on: :member }.merge(options)
      delete "/favorite", { to: "favorites#destroy", on: :member }.merge(options)
    end
  end
  
  ...
end

Rails.application.routes.draw do

devise_for :users

root to: "home#index"

concern :favoritable do |options|

shallow do

post "/favorite", { to: "favorites#create", on: :member }.merge(options)

delete "/favorite", { to: "favorites#destroy", on: :member }.merge(options)

end

...

end

4. Para podermos utilizar este recurso, faremos o seguinte também nas rotas. Acrescente em config/routes.rb

Rails.application.routes.draw do
  ...
  
  namespace :api, defaults: { format: :json } do
    namespace :v1 do
      ...
      resources :songs, only: [] do
        concerns :favoritable, favoritable_type: 'Song'
      end  
    end
  end
end

Rails.application.routes.draw do

...

namespace :api, defaults: { format: :json } do

namespace :v1 do

...

resources :songs, only: [] do

concerns :favoritable, favoritable_type: 'Song'

end

Aquele concern que criamos anteriormente, estamos aninhando com uma rota songs. Ou seja, ela ficará como POST api/v1/songs/:id/favorite e DELETE api/v1/songs/:id/favorite e estas duas rotas receberão um parâmetro favoritable_type que terá o valor Song
Com isso temos as rotas para favoritar e desfavoritar uma música

5. Agora precisamos de mais uma rota que é para listar os favoritos, já que temos esta action lá no controller. Adicione em config/routes.rb

Rails.application.routes.draw do
  ...

  namespace :api, defaults: { format: :json } do
    namespace :v1 do
      ...
      resources :favorites, only: :index
    end
  end
end

Rails.application.routes.draw do

...

namespace :api, defaults: { format: :json } do

namespace :v1 do

...

resources :favorites, only: :index

end

6. E por último, vamos criar a view JSON

Crie um arquivo app/views/api/v1/favorites/index.json.jbuilder

7. Acrescente em app/views/api/v1/favorites/index.json.jbuilder

json.songs @favorite_songs.each do |song|
  json.id song.id
  json.title song.title
  json.artist_name song.album.artist.name
  json.file_url url_for(song.file)
end

json.artists @favorite_artists.each do |artist|
  json.id artist.id
  json.name artist.name
  json.photo_url url_for(artist.photo)
end

json.albums @favorite_albums.each do |album|
  json.id album.id
  json.title album.title
  json.artist_name album.artist.name
  json.cover_url url_for(album.cover)
end

json.songs @favorite_songs.each do |song|

json.id song.id

json.title song.title

json.artist_name song.album.artist.name

json.file_url url_for(song.file)

end

json.artists @favorite_artists.each do |artist|

json.id artist.id

json.name artist.name

json.photo_url url_for(artist.photo)

end

json.albums @favorite_albums.each do |album|

json.id album.id

json.title album.title

json.artist_name album.artist.name

json.cover_url url_for(album.cover)

end